HES1 and cancer: Hedgehog, WNT/β‐catenin, and NOTCH signaling pathways are well‐known and important regulatory mechanisms to maintain cancer stemness, and either of these pathways are activated in most types of CSCs.6 We determined the expression levels of target genes of hedgehog (GLI1), WNT/β‐catenin (HNF1α, CCND1, and c‐MYC), and NOTCH (HES1, HEY1, and HEYL) signaling pathways by RT‐qPCR.