Acute myeloid leukemia is a highly heterogeneous malignancy and prognosis, and thus overall survival is correlated with both cytogenetics and specific gene mutations, such as FMS-related tyrosine kinase 3 internal tandem repeats (Flt3-ITD; unfavorable) and nucleophosmin (NPM1; favorable in absence of a coinciding Flt3-ITD) mutations [3]. The gene discussed is NPM1; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.