The oncogenic effects of schistosome infection have been reported in various geographical settings, providing evidence that alterations of certain cell proliferation-associated genes (downregulation of p27, deletion of p16, and mutation in exons 5, 6, 8, and 10 of p53) are responsible for schistosomiasis-associated bladder cancers [14, 31, 32]. The gene discussed is CDKN1B; the disease is urinary bladder cancer.