Several groups have shown that CD103, also known as integrin αE, is expressed on a subset of CD8(+) TILs in multiple solid human tumors (including ovarian, lung, cervical, and head and neck cancer patients cancer as well as endometrial adenocarcinoma) and it is known that its expression is induced upon TCR engagement and exposure to TGF-β1 [67–72]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and cancer.