Along that line, lack of response to anti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) therapy in patients with metastatic urothelial cancer was associated with enhanced TGF-β signaling in adjacent fibroblasts within the TME and coinhibition of PD-L1 and TGF-β converted immune-desert mouse tumors to an inflamed phenotype, leading to tumor regression [20]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is neoplasm.