SERPINA1 and alcohol abuse: Taking into consideration the patients’ clinical features, including age, gender, clinical stage, T stage, grade, adjacent hepatic tissue inflammation, and HCC risk factors (virus infection, alcohol abuse, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hemochromatosis, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency), univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to assess the signature (high-risk vs. low-risk) with respect to OS.