APOB and cardiovascular disorder: In the study by Basili et al., to determine the lipid profile and its relationship with vascular and heart diseases, level of Apo B, lipoprotein A, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglyceride levels were measured and compared with those of the healthy control population, and it was observed that patients with COPD did not have atherogenic lipid profiles and the increased risk of cardiovascular disease in such patients was not due to the effect of atherogenic lipid profile and its association with the disease (30).