ANGPTL8 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: ANGPTL8 is a predominantly liver expressed gene in humans which has been found up-regulated in insulin resistance (Yi et al., 2013; Fu et al., 2014a; Guo et al., 2016), obesity (Fu et al., 2014b) and DM type II (Yamada et al., 2015).