BRAF and melanoma: We did not limit the population of patients and included trials of patients with BRAF-mutant and PD-L1 expression [11, 35, 38, 42] because the BRAFV600E mutation was present in almost 40–60% of all patients with advanced melanoma, and BRAF-mutant patients could benefit from both MAPK pathway inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors [43, 44].