TLR3 and infection: We did not see any significant difference in the macromolecular permeability of either the WT or TLR3-deficient OE cell monolayer when the cells were pre-treated with 50U/ml recombinant IFN-β for 1hr before infection (S2 Fig), indicating that IFN-β had little impact on the macromolecular permeability of TLR3-deficient OE cells during C. muridarum infection.