Pretreating the OE-TLR3(-) cells with IFN-β before C. muridarum infection seemed to result in a differential synthesis of JAM-1 throughout Chlamydia infection when compared to untreated OE-TLR3(-) cells, suggesting that the IFN-β synthesized via TLR3-signalling pathways may play a role in regulating the protein expression levels of JAM-1. Here, TLR3 is linked to chlamydia infectious disease.