TLR5 and infection: The TLR5 rs5744174 site is located in the coding region of the gene, and the SNP results in a missense mutation, where the 616th amino acid of the TLR5 protein, phenylalanine (Phe), is substituted by a leucine (Leu).37 Depending on its location, polymorphisms in the encoding gene of TLRs may affect the level of expression or alternatively, lead to an altered binding affinity or to an altered downstream signaling.38 Subsequently, these changes in the primary defense may lead to attenuated immune responses and, further, to increased susceptibility to infections.