TNF and major depressive disorder: They may also explain the controversial literature that exists for levels of IL-15 (45, 46), IL-6 (47–49), TNF-α (49, 50), IL-10 (32, 51) in association with PD occurrence, TNF-α in association with cognitive scores (20, 52), and IL-6 with UPDRS (24, 53), cognition (20, 54), and depression scores (22, 48) in PD patients.