Furthering the case for stress and gene interactions in worsening outcomes and severity of addiction, the group of Dr. Bau reported that variable number tandem repeats of the monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) promoter — a gene region heavily regulated by glucocorticoids — were related to earlier onset, concomitant drug abuse, and antisocial symptomatology in alcohol use disorder (Contini et al., 2006). This evidence concerns the gene MAOA and alcohol abuse.