Among them, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, iNOS and COX-2 are all dynamically altered in different stages of brain ischemia-reperfusion, and they usually bring detrimental effect to brain and BBB (de Vries et al., 1996; Lambertsen et al., 2012; Yagami et al., 2016). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and brain ischemia.