TGFB1 and intestinal cancer: This highlights an intimate cross-talk between TGFβ, LKB1, and specific AMPKs, which is exemplified by studies in LKB1 knockout mice; LKB1 loss leads to ineffective synthesis and secretion of TGFβ ligands, thus leading to the development of hamartomatous polyps, a hallmark of the human genetic syndrome Peutz–Jeghers, which predisposes to intestinal cancer development (37).