We found the number of caspase-3-positive cells were significantly increased in IUGR parietal cortex at both P1 (42.7%, p = 0.0104) and P4 (43.8%, p = 0.0003) (Fig. 1e, f) compared with NG piglets indicating a state of apoptotic cell death in the IUGR brain. Here, CASP3 is linked to fetal growth restriction.