BDNF and post-traumatic stress disorder: The SPS-treated rats showed a gradual reduction in BDNF expression in the CA1 and CA3 hippocampal areas compared to the controls (p < 0.01) However, AC treatment prior to PTSD increased the number of BDNF-like immunoreactive cells to 83.06 ± 8.55 (95.06 ± 9.79%), compared 60.81 ± 5.22 (61.35 ± 6.23%) in the CA1 hippocampal area of rats with PTSD (p < 0.05).