NFKB1 and colitis: Our findings revealed that EEP suppressed protein expression levels of inducible pro-inflammatory enzymes (COX-2 and iNOS) and mRNA expression levels of cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) due to inhibitory effects of EEP on phosphorylation of NF-κB and STAT3 in DSS-induced colitis mice.