GDF15 and neoplasm: Although GDF-15 is known to promote cytoskeletal rearrangements leading to tumor dissemination [66], to promote metastasis of colon cancer cells [42] and prostate cancer cells through RhoA [69] and to be increased in association with morphology changes during metastasis [37], this is the first study providing evidence of functional association between RSU-1 and GDF-15 with regard to BC cell invasion.