TNF and endometriosis: Endometriosis is widely viewed as an inflammatory condition, and activated macrophages and cytokines such as interleukins 6 (IL-6), 8 (IL-8), and 1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) are increased in peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis [1].