Consistently with cDC1s' critical role in anti-tumor immunity, a recent study has shown that activation of β-catenin signaling in melanoma cells reduces the numbers of intratumoral CD103+ cDC1 cells, thus preventing tumor-specific T cell priming, suggesting that CD103+ cDC1s might not only promote anti-tumor immunity but also be suppressed by cancer cells for immune evasion (78). Here, MPPE1 is linked to cancer.