A study investigating maternal immune status during pregnancy found that while maternal production of IL-13, IL-4, IL-5, IFN-γ, IL-10, and IL-17 during pregnancy was unrelated to childhood asthma, the ratios of IFN-γ/IL-13 and IFN-γ/IL-4 during pregnancy were associated with a decreased risk of asthma (58). This evidence concerns the gene IL13 and asthma.