SMAD2 and allergic asthma: It is noteworthy that while such studies have identified many signaling pathways through which resveratrol can attenuate allergic asthma including suppression of expression of TGF-β1/phosphorylated Smad2/3 (28), inhibition of Syk protein expression (55), and increased expression of INPP4A in lungs which in turn reduced Akt kinase activity and Akt phosphorylation (51), the potential role played by miRNA in resveratrol-mediated attenuation of allergic asthma has not been previously investigated.