Many human B malignancies including B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells (CLL), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and Burkitt's lymphomas exhibit constitutive signaling via TRAF1 binding TNFRs, such as CD30 and the EBV protein LMP1, and this in turn is thought to contribute to high levels of TRAF1 expression via NF-κB signaling (24, 46, 47). Here, PDLIM7 is linked to non-Hodgkin lymphoma.