NFKB1 and infection: The ability of this technique to disentangle differing and asynchronous responses of individual cells has also made it ideal for investigating how intracellular pathogens manipulate NF-κB signaling in host cells, particularly in instances where the effects on this pathway are influenced by intracellular microbial burden or the changing repertoire of microbial ligands and effectors presented or deployed during the course of an infection (22).