IL4R and infection: We also observed a comparable number of S. mansoni eggs shunted into the lungs in both mb1creIL-4Rα−/lox mice and IL-4Rα−/lox littermate control mice at both 16 and 24 weeks post-infection (Figure S3) Therefore, these data demonstrate that IL-4Rα expressing B cells are essential for down-regulating gut granulomatous pathology during chronic schistosomiasis in mice.