More recently, mice with autophagy-deficient myeloid cells (Atg7fl/fl-LysM Cre and Atg16l1fl/fl -LysM Cre mice) but not CD11c-expressing innate cells (Atg16l1ffl/fl-CD11c Cre mice) displayed enhanced inflammation of the colon after colitis induction with heightened IL-1β levels found in the serum and being produced by macrophages (84–86). Here, ITGAX is linked to colitis.