The IT injection of a genetically engineered, lethal-toxin deficient strain of Clostridium novyi, that activates DCs via TLR2, can induce CD8+ T cell mediated anti-tumor effects in preclinical renal cell carcinoma, colon carcinoma, and anaplastic squamous cell carcinoma models (177). The gene discussed is TLR2; the disease is neoplasm.