NLRP3 and cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome: Since then, inherited deficiencies in the components of the innate immune system that control inflammation have been identified, e.g., cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS) and Auto-inflammation with infantile enterocolitis (AIFEC) caused by gain-of-function mutations in NLRP3 and NLRC4 that lead to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as IL-1β) (7–9).