In contrast, in multiple cross-sectional and prospective studies, Heine and colleagues have consistently observed that proportions and absolute numbers of intermediate monocytes (defined as CD14++CD16+) are increased in pre-dialysis CKD, while non-classical monocyte numbers are only increased in dialysis-requiring ESRD patients (29, 30, 32, 33, 56). The gene discussed is CD14; the disease is chronic kidney disease.