NFKB1 and infection: FMDV Lpro can repress IFN-β transcription by reducing IFN-stimulated gene products (Li D. et al., 2016) decreasing IFN-β mRNA levels during early infection and inhibiting activation of NF-κB via degradation of the NF-κB subunit p65/RelA and ubiquitination of RIG-I, TBK1, and TRAF3/6, resulting decreased IRF-3/7 protein expression (de Los Santos et al., 2007; Wang et al., 2011).