NPPA and Hyperglycemia: Meanwhile, RT-qPCR analysis revealed that PHL inhibited hyperglycemia-induced increases in hypertrophy factors, including ANP (Figure 3C), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP, Figure 3D) and β-myosin heavy chain (β-MyHC, Figure 3E) as well as fibrosis factors, such as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β, Figure 3F), collagen-1 (Figure 3G), and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF, Figure 3H) gene expression.