In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), colorectal cancer (CRC) and breast cancer (BC), overexpression of ADAR1 leads to the creation of an oncogenic version of antizyme inhibitor 1 (AZIN1; S367G). The gene discussed is AZIN1; the disease is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.