NOS3 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: The presence of overweight and obesity before pregnancy, and an excessive weight gain during gestation, are causes of endothelial dysfunction and preeclampsia as demonstrated by Pardo et al reported that women with a gestational weight gain superior to 0.42 kg per week, had markers of a reduced eNOS activity and vasorelaxation in the rings of isolated umbilical veins (Pardo et al., 2015).