IDE and diabetes mellitus: Recent studies demonstrated that in addition to its roles in mitochondria, NRF1 also targets several genes such as the integrin-associated protein gene (IAP), insulin-degrading enzyme gene (IDE), and proton-coupled folate transporter gene (PCFT) and is involved in the control of cell growth (Cam et al., 2004), neurite outgrowth (Chang and Huang, 2004), diabetes mellitus (DM), Alzheimer’s disease (AD) (Zhang et al., 2012), and folate transport (Gonen and Assaraf, 2010).