GRK5 and hypertensive disorder: It has been demonstrated that elevation of GRK5 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) can also induce the development of high blood pressure (Harris et al., 2008) via altered β1-adrenergic receptor (β1-AR) and angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor signaling dynamics (Eckhart et al., 2002; Keys et al., 2005).