In present study, the hepatoprotective effect of cos against ALI may be associated with NF-κB signaling pathway by the down-regulation of the expression of TLR4, MyD88, p65 (nucleus), p-IKKα/β, IKKα/β, p-IκBα, and up-regulation of the expression levels of IκBα and p65 (cytosol). The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is acute respiratory distress syndrome.