TNF and Sepsis: For example, it reduces serum TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations in patients and in preclinical models of sepsis (Fang and Wang, 2013; Jiang et al., 2013; Chen et al., 2018b), antagonizes LPS, regulates CD4+ T cell differentiation (Chen et al., 2018b), and prevents/controls the disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and infections.