Two types of ROS, superoxide anion (O2•−) and secondary generated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), are induced by HCV protein expression in replicon models and infectious system (Gong et al., 2001; Paracha et al., 2013) and, finally, contribute to the development of liver disease via NF-κB activation (Tardif et al., 2005; Lin et al., 2010). Here, NFKB1 is linked to liver disorder.