Thus, while more research is necessary to examine the puzzling lack of relationship seen between TNFα and GluR1 levels, it appears both GluR1 and TNFα are each having an impact on ALS pathology, but the direct relationship between TNFα and GluR1 is simply not substantial in SOD1-G93A ALS mixed cell cultures. Here, TNF is linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.