ATF4 and neurodegenerative disease: Therefore, we focused on examining small‐molecule inhibitors that target the ISR or translation‐related pathways that are currently in use or have been used in clinical trials for neurodegenerative diseases or cancer (Bhat et al, 2015) Specifically, trazodone and dibenzoylmethane (1,3 DBM), which recover the eif2α ternary complex and prevent increased ATF4 activation in the ISR, have been shown to be non‐toxic compounds that can readily cross the blood–brain barrier, unlike other p‐eif2α targeting molecules such as ISRIB.