In addition, we measure a number of clinically relevant outcomes that capture peak glycemic dysfunction (GlycoMark), insulin resistance, β-cell function, insulin sensitivity (QUICKI), lipid profile (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), HDL, and triglycerides), inflammation (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)), and progression to T2D. Here, INS is linked to Insulin resistance.