Moreover, in IRI-induced AKI rat model, the renoprotective effect of renal tubular CD133+cell-derived EVs (T-CD133+-EVs) was significantly lower than that of GlMSC-EVs [60], and human MSC-EVs via intravenous injection were noted to reduce TEC apoptosis and increase TEC proliferation, but no similar biological effect was noted for fibroblast-derived EVs (Fig. 1, Table 1) [62]. The gene discussed is PROM1; the disease is acute kidney injury.