HCC-derived exosomes transferred their pro-tumorigenic RNAs and proteins to normal hepatocyte, which triggered PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling pathways in host cells, moreover, increased secretion of metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9, hence facilitating tumorigenesis in normal hepatocytes [106]. The gene discussed is AKT1; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.