Mice subjected to 40% energy-restriction for 4 weeks, showed less elevation of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α after lipopolysaccharide injection compared with mice in the control group.[4] In another prospective controlled laboratory experiment in mice, 40% dietary restriction for 3 weeks followed by induction of abdominal sepsis or endotoxemia was associated with significantly reduced visceral fat-derived messenger RNA expression of IL-6, thrombospondin-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and tissue factor and of serum IL-6 and with improved survival.[5]. Here, TNF is linked to serum lipopolysaccharide activity.