ESR2 and testicular seminoma: Chieffi et al reported that HMGA1 has high expression in testicular seminomas.88 They also revealed that HMGA1 interacts with estrogen receptor β (ERβ) in nuclear of germ cells; however, such interaction is impaired by the absence of ERβ in testicular seminomas.89 Additionally, HMGA1 represents a valid diagnostic marker by immunohistochemistry analysis.