Our data support our hypothesis, and clearly showed that CD146+ subpopulation of MSCs has a more pronounced beneficial effect on heart function after MI, consistent with previous results showing neural ganglioside GD2+ MSCs being a subpopulation with feature of primitive precursor cells [24,25], CD133+/ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2+/C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4+ MSCs being potent neurogenic and neuro-protective for traumatic brain injury [26], CD106+ MSCs with potential immunomodulatory properties [27]. This evidence concerns the gene CXCR4 and myocardial infarction.