NLRP3 and gout: Inflammation (both local and systemic) and increased oxidative stress are hallmarks of gout, a chronic, crystal-induced inflammatory arthritis in adults [14, 31–33]; urate crystals engage caspase-1-activating NLRP3 inflammasome, resulting in the production of interleukin(IL)-1beta and IL-18, pro-inflammatory cytokines [34].