About half of the neurodegenerative disease-associated genes, namely APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 for AD; C9orf72 and MAPT for FTD and SNCA; and PRKN and PARK7 for PD, have larger number of DPI robust TSSs than annotated CAT CAGE clusters. The gene discussed is PRKN; the disease is neurodegenerative disease.