Several other studies have identified paracrine glial-neuronal signaling pathways in the brain, such as fractalkine which may modulate synaptic plasticity (Sheridan et al. 2014) as well as dysregulated amyloid β-complement signaling in Alzheimer’s disease models (Lian et al. 2015). Here, CX3CL1 is linked to early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.