Similarly, we demonstrated that SNPs (rs12263737 and rs2274223) in PLCE1 are associated with esophageal cancer via promoting gene expression in a Chinese-Kazakh population, and the heterozygote of PLCE1 rs2274223 increases susceptibility to human papillomavirus infection in Kazakh patients with ESCC [6, 9]. This evidence concerns the gene PLCE1 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.